The primary outcome was an improvement in disability grade 4 weeks after randomization, and although it was only available for 1 trial with 21 mildly affected children, it showed significantly more improvement in disability grade after 4 weeks with IVIG. Three studies included a total of 75 children and suggested that IVIG significantly hastens recovery times compared with supportive care alone. The other 5 trials had available outcomes for 536 participants but did not have a statistically significant mean difference of change in a 7-grade disability scale after 4 weeks when comparing IVIG with plasma exchange treatment. To investigate the impact of IVIG, investigators reviewed 12 clinical trials, 7 of which compared IVIG with plasma exchange in 623 severely affected participants. Corticosteroids have been used to treat the disease, although an updated systematic review concluded that they offered no benefit besides a possible faster recovery shown in a trial in which IV methylprednisolone was administered in combination with IVIG. The current favored hypothesis is that this is caused by an autoimmune response directed against antigens in the peripheral nerves, triggered by a bacterial or viral infection.Įarlier reviews of treatment options have found that plasma exchange, in which a person’s plasma is replaced with a substitute to remove antibodies, works better than supportive care alone when treating patients with GBS. The study, published by the Cochrane Library, found that in 25% of patients, the disease is sufficiently severe to require artificial ventilation and between 3.5% and 12% of patients die of complications during the acute stage of the disease. GBS is an acute, paralyzing, inflammatory peripheral nerve disease that causes weakness, numbness, and difficulty breathing. An updated review of 12 clinical trials has found that in severe cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administered within 2 weeks from onset can hasten recovery as much as plasma exchange, which has been shown to improve recovery in earlier studies.
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